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Kernel Mode Linux is a technology which enables the execution of user programs in a kernel mode. In Kernel Mode Linux, user programs can access kernel address space directly. Unlike kernel modules, user programs are executed as ordinary processes (except for their privilege level), so scheduling and paging are performed as usual. Although it seems dangerous, the safety of the kernel can be ensured through such methods as static type checking, software fault isolation, and so forth.

GeeXboX is a standalone media player Linux distribution, similar to MoviX. It's a small bootable CD that allows you to play your favorite video (DivX, XviD, H.264, MPEG 1/2, VCD, DVD, OggMedia, Windows Media, RealMedia, etc.) and audio (MP3, Audio CD, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, MPC, etc.) files. It also supports networking, and is able to play media from Windows/Samba share, NFS, UPnP A/V Media Servers, RTP/RTSP servers, or SHOUTcast. It supports TV-out, TV tuners, DVB cards, and WiFi cards. It is based on MPlayer, and can be used on any x86, x86_64, or PowerPC computer. It's easy to modify the source to build your own GeeXboX or use an alternative boot method.

musl is a new implementation of the standard library for Linux-based systems. It is lightweight, fast, simple, free, and strives to be correct in the sense of standards-conformance and safety. It includes a wrapper for building programs against musl in place of the system standard library (e.g. glibc), making it possible to immediately evaluate the library and build compact statically linked binaries with it.

The awk utility interprets a special-purpose programming language that makes it possible to handle simple data-reformatting jobs with just a few lines of code.

Tor-ramdisk is a uClibc-based micro Linux distribution whose only purpose is to host a Tor server in an environment that maximizes security and privacy. Tor is a network of virtual tunnels that allows people and groups to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. Security is enhanced in tor-ramdisk by employing a monolithically compiled GRSEC/PAX patched kernel and hardened system tools. Privacy is enhanced by turning off logging at all levels so that even the Tor operator only has access to minimal information. Finally, since everything runs in ephemeral memory, no information survives a reboot, except for the Tor configuration file and the private RSA key, which may be exported and imported by FTP or SSH.

INSERT (the Inside Security Rescue Toolkit) aims to be a multi-functional, multi-purpose disaster recovery and network analysis system. It boots from a credit card-sized CD-ROM and is basically a stripped-down version of Knoppix. It features good hardware detection, fluxbox, emelfm, links-hacked, ssh, tcpdump, nmap, chntpwd, and much more. It provides full read-write support for NTFS partitions (using ntfs-3g), and the ClamAV virus scanner (including a fairly recent signature database and a GUI). It provides partition handling with gParted and also has a network boot facility.

ReactOS is an advanced operating system providing a ground-up implementation of a Microsoft Windows XP/Windows Server 2003-compatible operating system. It aims to achieve complete binary compatibility with both applications and device drivers meant for XP and NT 5.2 operating systems by using a similar architecture and providing a complete and equivalent public interface. Written completely from scratch, ReactOS is not a Linux based system, and shares none of the UNIX architecture.

Exim is a message transfer agent (MTA) developed at the University of Cambridge for use on Unix systems connected to the Internet. In style it is similar to Smail 3, but its facilities are much more extensive. Exim is in use at many sites around the world.

slapt-get is an APT-like system for Slackware package management. It allows you to search Slackware mirrors and third-party package sources (such as www.linuxpackages.net) for packages, compare them with installed packages, and install new packages or upgrade installed packages, all with a few simple commands.

Untangle is a Linux-based network gateway with pluggable modules for network applications like spam blocking, Web filtering, anti-virus, anti-spyware, intrusion prevention, VPN, SSL VPN, firewall, and more.

Gentoo Linux is a versatile and fast Linux distribution for x86, PowerPC, Sparc, and Sparc64 that's geared towards Linux power users. Unlike other distros, it has an advanced package management system called Portage. Portage is a true ports system in the tradition of BSD ports, but is Python-based and sports a number of advanced features including dependencies, fine-grained package management, "fake" (OpenBSD-style) installs, path sandboxing, safe unmerging, system profiles, virtual packages, config file management, and more.

GNU Coreutils are a set of basic file, shell, and text manipulation utilities for the GNU operating system that are expected to exist on every operating system. Previously, they were offered as three individual packages: fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils.

JBoss is an Open Source, standards-compliant, Enterprise JavaBeans application server implemented in pure Java. JBoss provides JBossServer, the basic EJB container and JMX infrastructure, JBossMQ for JMS messaging, JBossMail for mail, JBossTX for JTA/JTS transactions, JBossSX for JAAS based security, JBossCX for JCA connectivity, and JBossCMP for CMP persistence. It integrates with Tomcat Servlet/JSP container and Jetty Web server/servlet container, and enables you to mix and match these components through JMX by replacing any component you wish with a JMX-compliant implementation for the same APIs. The goal is to provide a full J2EE stack in the Free/Open Source software world.

Endian Firewall is an all-in-on Linux security distribution that turns any system into a full-featured security appliance. It features a stateful packet inspection firewall, application-level proxies for various protocols (HTTP, POP3, SMTP), anti-virus support, virus and spam filtering for email traffic (POP and SMTP), content filtering of Web traffic, and a "hassle free" VPN system based on OpenVPN.

L7-filter is a packet classifier for Netfilter that identifies packets based on application layer (OSI layer 7) data. This means that it is able to classify packets as HTTP, FTP, Gnucleus, Kazaa, etc., regardless of ports. It complements existing matches that classify based on port numbers, packet length, TOS bits, and so on. Combined with Linux QoS, it allows for full layer 7 packet shaping.